September 14

September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 108 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 81 – Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
• 786 – Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi.
• 1180 – Battle of Ishibashiyama in Japan.
• 1607 – Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland.
• 1682 – Bishop Gore School, one of the oldest schools in Wales, is founded.
• 1752 – The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).
• 1812 – Napoleonic Wars: French grenadiers enter Moscow. The Fire of Moscow begins as soon as Russian troops leave the city.
• 1814 – The poem Defence of Fort McHenry is written by Francis Scott Key. The poem is later used as the lyrics of The Star-Spangled Banner.
• 1829 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: Winfield Scott captures Mexico City.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of South Mountain, part of the Maryland Campaign, is fought.
• 1901 – President of the United States William McKinley dies after an assassination attempt on September 6, and is succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt.
• 1917 – Russia is officially proclaimed a republic.
• 1923 – Miguel Primo de Rivera becomes dictator of Spain.
• 1944 – World War II: Maastricht becomes the first Dutch city to be liberated by allied forces.
• 1948 – Groundbreaking for the United Nations headquarters in New York City.
• 1958 – The first two German post-war rockets, designed by the German engineer Ernst Mohr, reach the upper atmosphere.
• 1959 – The Soviet probe Luna 2 crashes onto the Moon, becoming the first man-made object to reach it.
• 1960 – The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is founded.
• 1975 – The first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton, is canonized by Pope Paul VI.
• 1982 – President-elect of Lebanon, Bachir Gemayel, is assassinated.
• 1984 – Joe Kittinger becomes the first person to fly a hot air balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1987 – The Toronto Blue Jays set a record for the most home runs in a single game, belting 10 of them.
• 1994 – The Major League Baseball season is canceled because of a strike.
• 1995 – Body Worlds opens in Tokyo, Japan
• 1998 – Telecommunications companies MCI Communications and WorldCom complete their $37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom.
• 1999 – Kiribati, Nauru and Tonga join the United Nations.
• 2001 – Historic National Prayer Service held at Washington National Cathedral for victims of the September 11 attacks. A similar service is held in Canada on Parliament Hill, the largest vigil ever held in the nation's capital.
• 2003 – In a referendum, Estonia approves joining the European Union.

Births

• 1169 – Alexios II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1183)
• 1388 – Claudius Clavus, Danish geographer
• 1486 – Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, German alchemist (d. 1535)
• 1543 – Claudio Aquaviva, Italian Jesuit (d. 1615)
• 1547 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (d. 1619)
• 1580 – Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (d. 1645)
• 1656 – Thomas Baker, British antiquarian (d. 1746)
• 1713 – Johann Kies, German mathematician (d. 1781)
• 1721 – Eliphalet Dyer, American statesman and judge (d. 1807)
• 1737 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1806)
• 1760 – Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (d. 1842)
• 1769 – Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and explorer (d. 1859)
• 1804 – John Gould, British ornithologist (d. 1881)
• 1804 – Louis Desiré Maigret, French Catholic prelate (d. 1882)
• 1837 – Nikolai Bugaev, Russian mathematician (d. 1903)
• 1849 – Ivan Pavlov, Russian scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
• 1850 – Anton Mahnič, Slovenian Roman Catholic bishop, author and theologian (d. 1920)
• 1860 – Hamlin Garland, American writer (d. 1940)
• 1864 – Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, British diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1958)
• 1867 – Charles Dana Gibson, American artist (d. 1944)
• 1869 – Kid Nichols, American baseball player (d. 1953)
• 1872 – John Olof Dahlgren, American recipient of the Medal of Honor (d. 1963)
• 1879 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control advocate (d. 1966)
• 1880 – Metropolitan Benjamin (Fedchenkov), Orthodox missionary and writer (d. 1961)
• 1880 – Archie Hahn, American athlete (d. 1955)
• 1886 – Jan Masaryk, Czech foreign minister and diplomat (d. 1948)
• 1889 – María Capovilla, previous oldest living person (d. 2006)
• 1891 – Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (d. 1983)
• 1898 – Ernest Nash, German-born archaeologist (d. 1974)
• 1899 – Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Giorgos Papasideris Greek musician (d. 1977)
• 1909 – Peter Scott, British naturalist and explorer (d. 1989)
• 1910 – Jack Hawkins, British actor (d. 1973)
• 1910 – Yiannis Latsis, Greek shipping tycoon (d. 2003)
• 1913 – Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
• 1913 – Annalisa Ericson, Swedish actress
• 1914 – Lída Baarová, Czech actress (d. 2000)
• 1914 – Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999)
• 1914 – Kay Medford, American actress (d. 1980)
• 1914 – Robert McCloskey, American author (d. 2003)
• 1916 – John Heyer, Australian documentary filmmaker (d. 2001)
• 1916 – Eric Bentley, British-born American critic and playwright
• 1918 – Georges Berger, Belgian racing driver (d. 1967)
• 1920 – Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer (d. 2009)
• 1920 – Lawrence Klein, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1920 – Alberto Calderón, Argentine mathematician (d. 1998)
• 1921 – Dario Vittori, Argentinian actor (d. 2001)
• 1922 – Michel Auclair, French actor (d. 1988)
• 1923 – Nicholas Georgiadis, Greek painter, stage and costume designer (d. 2001)
• 1924 – Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean diplomat and author (d. 1994)
• 1926 – Michel Butor, French novelist
• 1927 – Martin Caidin, American aviation writer (d. 1997)
• 1929 – Larry Collins, American writer (d. 2005)
• 1929 – Maurice Vachon, French Canadian professional wrestler
• 1930 – Allan Bloom, American academic (d. 1992)
• 1932 – Harry Sinden, American National Hockey League executive
• 1932 – John Tembo, Malawian politician
• 1933 – Harve Presnell, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Sarah Kofman, French philosopher
• 1934 – Kate Millett, American feminist writer
• 1935 – Fujio Akatsuka, Japanese cartoonist (d. 2008)
• 1935 – Amanda Barrie, British actress
• 1936 – Nicol Williamson, Scottish-born actor
• 1936 – Walter Koenig, American actor
• 1936 – Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1936 – Harry Danielsen, Norwegian politician
• 1937 – Renzo Piano, Italian architect
• 1939 – DeWitt Weaver, Professional golfer
• 1940 – Larry Brown, American basketball coach
• 1941 – Alberto Naranjo, Venezuelan musician
• 1942 – Bernard MacLaverty, Northern Irish writer
• 1944 – Joey Heatherton, American actress and singer
• 1944 – Günter Netzer, German footballer
• 1945 – Martin Tyler, British sports broadcaster
• 1946 – Jim Angle, American television reporter
• 1947 – Jon "Bowzer" Bauman, American singer (Sha Na Na)
• 1947 – Sam Neill, New Zealand actor
• 1948 – Marc Reisner, American writer (d. 2000)
• 1949 – Tommy Seebach, Danish musician (d. 2003)
• 1949 – Eikichi Yazawa, Japanese singer
• 1949 – Steve Gaines, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1977)
• 1949 – Ed King, American guitarist (Lynyrd Skynyrd)
• 1950 – Paul Kossoff, British guitarist (Free) (d. 1976)
• 1950 – Masami Kuwashima, Japanese race car driver
• 1950 – Michael Nifong, American attorney
• 1953 – Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (d. 1998)
• 1953 – Judy Playfair, Australian swimmer
• 1956 – Kostas Karamanlis, Greek prime-minister
• 1956 – Ray Wilkins, English former footballer
• 1956 – Lefteris Zagoritis, Greek politician
• 1957 – Tim Wallach, American baseball player
• 1957 – Kepler Wessels, former Australian and South African cricketer
• 1958 – Beth Nielsen Chapman, American singer-songwriter
• 1959 – Morten Harket, Norwegian singer (a-ha)
• 1960 – Melissa Leo, American actress
• 1960 – Callum Keith Rennie, Canadian actor
• 1961 – Freeman Mbowe, Tanzanian politician and businessman
• 1961 – Wendy Thomas, namesake of the eponymous restaurant (Wendy's)
• 1963 – Robin Singh, Indian cricketer
• 1964 – Faith Ford, American actress
• 1965 – Michelle Stafford, American actress
• 1965 – Dmitry Medvedev, President of Russia
• 1966 – Mike Cooley, American guitarist
• 1967 – Dan Cortese, American actor
• 1967 – Ashlyn Gere, American pornographic actress
• 1967 – Jens Lien, Norwegian film director
• 1969 – Konstantinos Koukodimos, Greek long jumper and politician
• 1969 – Tyler Perry, American actor
• 1970 – Ben Garant, American actor
• 1970 – Craig Montoya, American musician (Everclear)
• 1970 – Francesco Casagrande, Italian cyclist
• 1971 – Jeff Loomis, American guitarist (Nevermore)
• 1971 – Andre Matos, Brazilian musician
• 1971 – Kimberly Williams, American actress
• 1972 – David Bell, American baseball player
• 1973 – Tony Bui, Vietnamese film director
• 1973 – Terrell Fletcher, American football player
• 1973 – Andrew Lincoln, British actor
• 1973 – Nas, American rapper
• 1973 – Linvoy Primus, English footballer
• 1973 – Mike Ward, Canadian comedian
• 1974 – Chad Bradford, American baseball player
• 1974 – Hicham El Guerrouj, Moroccan athlete
• 1976 – Jeremy Dunham, video game journalist
• 1976 – Agustín Calleri, Argentine tennis player
• 1978 – Carmen Kass, Estonian model
• 1978 – Silvia Navarro, Mexican actress
• 1978 – Danielle Peck, country music singer
• 1978 – Ben Cohen, English rugby union footballer
• 1979 – Jesse Marunde, American strongman/athlete (d. 2007)
• 1980 – Ayọ, German singer
• 1981 – Ashley Roberts, American singer, dancer & actress (Pussycat Dolls)
• 1981 – Miyavi, Japanese musician
• 1981 – Katie Lee, American television presenter
• 1982 – Hiroki Narimiya, Japanese actor
• 1982 – SoShy, French singer/songwriter
• 1982 – Petr Průcha, Czechoslovakian hockey player
• 1983 – Amy Winehouse, English singer
• 1983 – Frostee Rucker, National Football League defensive end
• 1984 – Adam Lamberg, American actor
• 1985 – Paolo Gregoletto, American bassist (Trivium)
• 1985 – Aya Ueto, Japanese actress and singer
• 1985 – Delmon Young, American baseball player
• 1986 – Alan Sheehan, Irish footballer
• 1986 – Ai Takahashi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
• 1986 – Andrew James Trauth, American actor
• 1987 – Michael Crabtree, American football player
• 1988 – Kirsten Haglund, American beauty pageant contestant
• 1989 – Jesse James, American actor
• 1989 – Logan Henderson, American actor and musician

Deaths

• 23 – Drusus Julius Caesar, son of the Emperor Tiberius, poisoned
• 258 – Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage
• 585 – Emperor Bidatsu of Japan (b. 538)
• 775 – Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor (b. 718)
• 786 – Al-Hadi, Abbasid caliph
• 891 – Pope Stephen V
• 1146 – Zengi, ruler of Syria (b. 1087)
• 1164 – Emperor Sutoku of Japan (b. 1119)
• 1214 – Albert Avogadro, Italian patriarch of Jerusalem (b. 1149)
• 1321 – Dante Alighieri, Italian author (b. 1265)
• 1404 – Albert IV of Austria (b. 1377)
• 1435 – John, Duke of Bedford, regent of England (b. 1389)
• 1523 – Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
• 1538 – Henry III of Nassau-Breda, German nobleman (b. 1483)
• 1605 – Jan Tarnowski, Archbishop of Krakow (b. 1550)
• 1638 – John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607)
• 1646 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (b. 1591)
• 1712 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-born astronomer (b. 1625)
• 1743 – Nicolas Lancret, French painter (b. 1690)
• 1749 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (b. 1675)
• 1759 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French military commander (b. 1712)
• 1807 – George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend, British field marshal (b. 1724)
• 1836 – Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States (b. 1756)
• 1851 – James Fenimore Cooper, American author (b. 1789)
• 1852 – Augustus Pugin, English architect (b. 1812)
• 1852 – Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1879 – Bernhard von Cotta, German geologist (b. 1808)
• 1898 – William Seward Burroughs, American inventor (b. 1857)
• 1901 – William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (b. 1843)
• 1905 – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Franco-Italian explorer (b. 1852)
• 1916 – José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)
• 1927 – Isadora Duncan, American dancer (b. 1877)
• 1936 – Irving Thalberg, American film producer (b. 1899)
• 1937 – Tomáš Masaryk, Czech politician (b. 1850)
• 1942 – E.S. Gosney, American eugenicist (b. 1855)
• 1951 – Fritz Busch, German conductor (b. 1890)
• 1959 – Wayne Morris, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1960 – M. Karagatsis, Greek author (b. 1908)
• 1965 – J.W. Hearne, English cricketer (b. 1891)
• 1966 – Gertrude Berg, American actress (b. 1899)
• 1974 – Warren Hull, American actor (b. 1903)
• 1975 – Walter Herbert, German conductor and impresario (b. 1902)
• 1981 – Furry Lewis, American blues guitarist (b. 1899)
• 1981 – William Loeb III, American newspaper publisher (b. 1905)
• 1982 – Bachir Gemayel, Lebanese politician (b. 1947)
• 1982 – John Gardner, American novelist (b. 1933)
• 1982 – Grace Kelly, American actress, Princess of Monaco (b. 1929)
• 1982 – Christian Ferras, French violinist (b. 1933)
• 1984 – Janet Gaynor, American actress (b. 1906)
• 1989 – Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban musician (b. 1916)
• 1991 – Julie Bovasso, American actor and writer (b. 1930)
• 1991 – Russell Lynes, American art historian and magazine editor (b. 1910)
• 1992 – Paul Joseph James Martin, Canadian politician (b. 1903)
• 1994 – Marika Krevata, Greek actress (b. 1910)
• 1995 – Maurice K. Goddard, American state government official (b. 1912)
• 1996 – Juliet Prowse, British actress and dancer (b. 1937)
• 1999 – Charles Crichton, English film director (b. 1910)
• 1999 – Giannos Kranidiotis, Greek diplomat and politician (d. 1947)
• 2000 – Beah Richards, American actress (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Jerzy Giedroyc, Polish writer and activist (b. 1906)
• 2001 – Stelios Kazantzidis, Greek singer (b. 1931)
• 2003 – Yetunde Price, American sibling of Venus and Serena Williams (b. 1972)
• 2003 – John Serry, Sr., American musician, (b. 1915)
• 2003 – Garrett Hardin, American ecologist (b. 1915)
• 2005 – William Berenberg, American physician (b. 1915)
• 2005 – Robert Wise, American filmmaker (b. 1914)
• 2005 – Vladimir Volkoff, French writer (b. 1932)
• 2005 – Frances Newton, American convicted killer (b. 1965)
• 2006 – Mickey Hargitay, Hungarian actor and bodybuilder (b. 1926)
• 2006 – Esme Melville, Australian actress (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Ştefan Iordache, Romanian actor (b. 1941)
• 2009 – Keith Floyd, British TV chef (b. 1943)
• 2009 – Jody Powell, American press secretary to Jimmy Carter (b. 1943)
• 2009 – Darren Sutherland, Irish boxer (b. 1982)
• 2009 – Patrick Swayze, American actor, dancer, and songwriter (b. 1952)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Aelia Flaccilla (Eastern Orthodox Church)
  • Crescentius of Rome
  • Maternus of Cologne
  • Notburga
  • September 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of the Cross (Christianity)
• Formerly, the Wednesday, Friday and Saturday following 14 September were observed as one of the four sets of Ember days. In the Irish calendar they were known as Quarter tense. (Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada